Treaty+of+Guadalupe+Hidalgo


 * 1) **Definition:**
 * February 2, 1848, Treaty signed between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican War
 * It was signed at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City.
 * Drew the boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River
 * "Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic."

-Villa de Gaudalupe Hidalgo was the location of the signing of the Treaty -Chief religious centre of Mexico -Between April 1846-Febuary 1848 -War between the United States and Mexico that started from the United States' annexation of Texas in 1845. The two Republics argued over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (Mexican Claim) or the Rio Grande (U.S. Claim) -U.S. was victorious
 * Picture**:  Guadalupe, Basilica of: Old Basilica
 * Background Info**: What was the Mexican war?
 * Resulted in The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty which ended the war

The Basics: 1. Confirmed universal peace between the two Republics
 * Contents of Treaty:** *Described in primary source, which lists and describes every article in the Treaty

2. Drew boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River -The United States paid 15,000,000 dollars, and in return acquired more than 525,000 square miles of land from Mexico, extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean. This land is now known as Arizona, California, Western Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah.


 * With annexation, the expansion of the U.S was completed (except for land added in the __Gadsden Purchase__, important land exchanged in 1854, when the U.S. bought what is now southern Arizona and New Mexico from the Mexican government for 10 million dollars)


 * Effects on Immigration:**


 * -Positive Effects:**
 * Allowed U.S. to obtain a vast amount of land
 * could be considered to have given some Mexicans a better life in the United States


 * VS**.


 * -Negative Effects:**
 * The treaty gave all people that lived in the affected territory the option of becoming United States citizens or relocating within the new Mexican borders. Although some moved to Mexico, The majority of people decided to stay in the new United States territory. Almost overnight, tens of thousands of mexicans became residents of the United States
 * *For the first time in the nation's history U.S. citizenship was provided for people who were not citizens of any state. This added to the constitutional debate about the relation of national citizenship to state citizenship which continued until the Fourteeth Amendment was ratified in 1868 (recognizes that a citizen of the United States is distinct from state citizenship)
 * The international border remained unmarked, and there was no formal control over the border.
 * United States Immigration statistics recorded the arrival of Mexicans ONLY at seaports, so there was no records of the many people that were crossing the border in other methods of transportation (like walking)
 * Under the Treaty, most mexicans who lived in the new United States territories were guaranteed their safety and property rights, however these guarantees were not enforced and many Mexicans became deprived of their land and ended up living unprotected in a hostile region
 * Most Mexicans believed that the territory rightfully belonged to them and not the United States, this caused anger and tension


 * Picture**: http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger-image.html?i=/historical-docs/doc-content/images/treaty-guadalupe-hidalgo-l.jpg&c=/historical-docs/doc-content/images/treaty-guadalupe-hidalgo.caption.html


 * VIDEO**:  westward expansion: Mexican-American War


 * Primary source**: http://www.school.eb.com/eb/article-9433105 (lists and describes every article in Treaty)